A kitchen is a room or part of a room used for cooking and food preparation in a dwelling or in a commercial establishment. A modern residential kitchen is typically equipped with a stove, a sink with hot and cold running water, a refrigerator, and it also has counters and kitchen cabinets arranged according to a modular design.
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Technological advances during industrialization brought major changes to the kitchen. Iron stoves, which enclosed the fire completely and were more efficient, appeared. Early models included the Franklin stove around 1740, which was a furnace stove intended for heating, not for cooking. Benjamin Thompson in England designed his "Rumford stove"around 1800.
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The trend to increasing gasification and electrification continued at the turn of the 20th century. In industry, it was the phase of work process optimization. Taylorism was born, and time-motion studies were used to optimize processes.
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The idea of standardized was first introduced locally with the Frankfurt kitchen, but later defined new in the "Swedish kitchen". The equipment used remained a standard for years to come: hot and cold water on tap and a kitchen sink and an electrical or gas stove and oven. Not much later, the refrigerator was added as a standard item.